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Herbicide Injury Symptoms
on
Corn and Soybeans


Department of Botany and Plant Pathology
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN 47907



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This web page address is:
http://www.btny.purdue.edu/Extension/Weeds/HerbInj2/InjuryHerb1.html


Classified by Herbicide Active Ingredient

This section displays herbicide injury symptoms based on the common name (active ingredient) of the herbicide. You may click on an image to display it in larger detail. Most herbicide products will list the common name under the active ingredient section of the label. A cross reference list of trade names and common names can also be found in Weed Control Guidelines for Indiana WS-16.


Classified by Mode of Action

Select the "Classified by Mode of Action" link to view the section on herbicide injury symptoms based on the mode of action of the herbicide, e.g. 2,4-D is in the Growth Regulator family.


Herbicide Active Ingredient Index:

2,4-D | 2,4-DB | Acetochlor | Acifluorfen | Alachlor | Atrazine | Bromoxynil | Butylate
Chlorimuron | Clethodim | Clomazone | Cyanazine | Dicamba | Dimethenamid | EPTC
Ethalfluralin | Fenoxaprop | Fluazifop | Flumetsulam | Flumiclorac | Fomesafen | Glyphosate
Halosulfuron | Imazaquin | Imazethapyr | Lactofen | Metolachlor | Metribuzin | Nicosulfuron
Paraquat | Pendimethalin | Primisulfuron | Prosulfuron | Pyridate | Quizalofop | Rimsulfuron
Sethoxydim | Thifensulfuron | Trifluralin



2,4-D

Mode of Action: Growth Regulator

Click on an image to display it in larger detail.

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Corn Image

CORN

Mode: Growth Regulator
Herbicide: 2,4-D or Dicamba
Injury: Fused Brace Root

Condition: Late application of herbicide where most of corn leaves and whorl intercept the herbicide; misapplication

Corn Image

CORN

Mode: Growth Regulator
Herbicide: 2,4-D or Dicamba
Injury: Rolled "buggy-whip" Whorl

Condition: Late application of herbicide where most of corn leaves and whorl intercept the herbicide; misapplication

Soybean Image

SOYBEAN

Mode: Growth Regulator
Herbicide: 2,4-D
Injury: Leaf Strapping

Condition: 2,4-D drift from nearby field, roadside or other area where herbicide was applied; spray tank contamination

2,4-DB

Mode of Action: Growth Regulator

Click on an image to display it in larger detail.

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Soybean Image

Soybean

Mode: Growth Regulator
Herbicide: 2,4-DB
Injury: Callusing on the stem

Condition: Herbicide applied postemergence; misapplication

Acetochlor, Alachlor, Dimethenamid, or Metolachlor

Mode of Action: Seedling Growth Inhibitor

Click on an image to display it in larger detail.

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Corn Image

CORN

Mode: Seedling Growth Inhibitor
Herbicide: Alachlor, Metolachlor, Acetochlor, Dimethenamid
Injury: Corn leafing-out underground, improper leaf unfurling

Condition: Misapplication - herbicide rate too high for soil type; stressed conditions (cool, wet soils) where corn is slowly growing

Soybean Image

SOYBEAN

Mode: Seedling Growth Inhibitor
Herbicide: Alachlor, Metolachlor, Acetochlor, Dimethenamid
Injury: Leaf Malformation

Condition: Overapplication of herbicide

Acifluorfen, Fomesafen or Lactofen

Mode of Action: Cell Membrane Disruptor

Click on an image to display it in larger detail.

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Soybean Image

SOYBEAN

Mode: Cell Membrane Disruptor
Herbicide: Acifluorfen, Fomesafen, Lactofen
Injury: Bronzing, Speckling of Leaves

Condition: Herbicide applied postemergence on days with high temperatures and humidity; misapplication

Corn Image

CORN

Mode: Cell Membrane Disruptor
Herbicide: Fomesafen
Injury: Dead or bleached leaf veins

Condition: Carryover of herbicide due mostly to lack of moisture for breakdown; misapplication

Atrazine or Metribuzin

Mode of Action: Photosynthetic Inhibitor

Click on an image to display it in larger detail.

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Soybean Image

SOYBEAN

Mode: Photosynthetic Inhibitor
Herbicide: Atrazine, Metribuzin
Injury: Lower leaves display interveinal chlorosis with necrotic margins

Condition: Carryover of atrazine or high rate of metribuzin

Soybean Image

SOYBEAN

Mode: Photosynthetic Inhibitor
Herbicide: Atrazine, Metribuzin
Injury: Lower leaves go from chlorotic to necrotic, fall off of stem, and in severe cases, complete death of plant

Condition: Carryover of atrazine or high rate of metribuzin; both herbicides are influenced by high soil pH making the herbicides more available to cause injury; eroded knolls in field are likely areas where injury may occur

Flumetsulam, Halosulfuron, Nicosulfuron, Primisulfuron, Prosulfuron, Rimsulfuron

Mode of Action: Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitor

Click on an image to display it in larger detail.

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Corn Image

CORN

Mode: Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitor
Herbicide: Flumetsulam, Halosulfuron, Nicosulfuron, Primisulfuron, Prosulfuron, Rimsulfuron
Injury: Stunting of shoot, chlorotic whorl

Condition: Herbicide applied postemergence to corn under stress; misapplication

Bromoxynil

Mode of Action: Photosynthetic Inhibitor

Click on an image to display it in larger detail.

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Corn Image

CORN

Mode: Photosynthetic Inhibitor
Herbicide: Bromoxynil
Injury: Burning of leaves

Condition: Herbicide applied postemergence on days with high temperatures and humidity; misapplication

Butylate or EPTC

Mode of Action: Seedling Growth Inhibitor

Click on an image to display it in larger detail.

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Corn Image

CORN

Mode: Seedling Growth Inhibitor
Herbicide: EPTC, Butylate
Injury: Improper leaf unfurling, twisted whorls

Condition: Misapplication; heavy rains soon after herbicide application that may leach away the herbicide safener; stressed conditions (cool, wet soils), certain hybrids may be sensitive

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